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Ions
An ion is an atom that has lost or gained electrons. Because electrons carry a negative charge, losing electrons will give an ion a positive charge, while gaining electrons will give an ion a negative charge. A positively charged ion is called a cation, and a negatively charged ion is an anion.
These are some of the ions you will come across at level two.
Cations
| Valency 1 | Valency 2 | Valency 3 | |||
| Sodium | Na+ | Magnesium | Mg2+ | Aluminium | Al3+ |
| Silver | Ag+ | Barium | Ba2+ | Iron III | Fe3+ |
| Ammonium | NH4+ | Copper II | Cu2+ | ||
| Hydrogen | H+ | Lead II | Pb2+ | ||
| Potassium | K+ | Zinc | Zn2+ | ||
| Iron II | Fe2+ | ||||
| Calcium | Ca2+ | ||||
Anions
| Valency 1 | Valency 2 | ||
| Chloride | Cl- | Carbonate | CO32- |
| Iodide | I- | Sulfate | SO42- |
| Hydroxide | OH- | ||
| Nitrate | NO3- | ||
| Thiocyanate | SCN- | ||